Method for forming raised designs on cloth and the like



2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 14, 1928.

- c. A. HANINGTON METHOD FOR FORMING RAISED DESIGNS 0N CLOTH AND THELIKE Filed Nov. 19, 19.24

Z/ITITORNEYJI Feb. 14, 1928. 1,658344 V c. A. HANINGTON METHOD FORFORMING RAISED DESIGNS ON CLOTH AND THE LIKE Filed- Nov. l9, 1924 2Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS.

I jgmyrox Patented Feb. 14, 1928.

' nannns A. naivme'ron, or rnnnron'r, NEW YORK.

METHOD FOR FORMING RAISED DESIGNS N ono'rn Ann THE LIKE.

Application filed November 19, 1924. Serial No. 750,735.

I ing raised designs on loosely woven fabrics,

such as georgette crepe, cotton voile, organdy and other similarmaterials.

Attempts have been made heretofore to print raised outline or solideffects upon fabrics by the use of deeply engraved rollers, but theresults have not been satisfactory, because the printing materials couldnot be made to leave the engravings on the roller on account of thedepth of the engravings and the heavy body of the printing materialwhich was necessary to produce the desired height of design. Ifsufficient pressure were applied tothe arrangements heretofore attemptedt6 force the fabric partially into the engravings so as to adhere to andpull the heavy printing material out-of the engravings, it has beenfound that the printing material is forced through the fabric onto thesoft blanket or backin cloth usually used in such processes and a sorbedby it. This leaves only a thin, weak impression upon the fabric andtherefore does not give the desired raised effect. Such material is notcommercial.

If instead of the soft blanket which absorbs the printing material, asabove explained, a harder blanket or bed should be used and sufficientpressure applied to force the fabric into the engravings to remove theprinting material. the printing material would be forced through thefabric onto the hard surface of the blanket and smeared on the cloth soas to completely destroy the design effect or to so blur the same astorender it non-commercial.

In my invention I have taken advantage of these difficulties byinterposing between the blanket or backing cloth and the cloth to beprinted, a'bed of comminuted material of a character adapted to absorbthe printing material and to so combine with the.

printing material as to form the desired raised designs on the cloth onthe side opposite the engraved roller. By this method a more fluidprinting material may be used and deeper engravings may be used, andwhen pressure is applied the cloth is forced into the engravings and theprinting material forced through the cloth into the soft comminutedmaterial which absorbs the same or unites with it to form the body ofthe raised design. By this method any desired comminuted material may beused,

'wood, iron and steel and have a such, for instance, as cotton flock,minute beads, minute granules of metal or any other material of which itis desired to make the raised designs.

'Many forms of apparatus may be used to carry out my method, but I haveillustrated an apparatus by which the same may be performed and haveillustrated said apparatus in the accompanying drawings, -in which,

Fig. 1 shows a side elevation-of such an apparatus in diagrammatic form;

Fig. 2 shows a partial section of the rollers and cloth;

Fig. 3 shows matic form of tion;

Fig. 4 shows an example of a design produced by the machine shown inFig. 1; and

Fig? 5 shows an example of a design produced by the machine shown inFig. 3.

It is of course understood that all of the apparatus and the designsshown are merely for the purpose of' modifications and changes may bemade a side elevation in diagrama modification of my inventherein.

Referring first to the machine shown in Fi s. 1 and 2, the samecomprises rollers 1 an 2 over which runs an endless belt 3 of anysuitable soft material. The material usually employed in the art forthis purpose is made up of rubberized canvas which lends strength to thebelt and the canvas is usually covered with some soft material, such asfelt. so that the belt not onl has sufficient strength but the desiredso tness also. Engraved rollers 4, 5 and 6 are placed above the belt 3and rollers'7 and .8 cooperate with the rollers 4 and 5, respectively,and the roller 2v cooperates with the'roller 6. The rollers 1, 2, 7 and8 are "usually made of lain surface over which the belt 3, usua 1y knownas the blanket, runs. may be desirable to cover the surfaces of therollers 2, 7 and 8 with a relatively soft,

illustration, as many In some instances it resilient or elastic surfacefor a purpose which will appear later.

9 and the excess material is removed from til printed in three colors.

the surface of the engraved rollers by the doctor scraper 11. Thesescrapers 11 may also act to press the printing material compactly intothe engravings of rollers 4, and 6. Scrapers l2 engage the rollers4, 5and 6 and act to remove from the rollers any undesirable materials,such, for instance, as fibres or lint which may be on top of the clothbeing printed. By the action of the scrapers 11 and 12 the surfaces ofthe engraved rollers are kept clean.

The cloth to be printed is shown at 13 and is led over a guide roller 14and a second guide roller 15 onto the surface of a blanket or bed ofcomminuted material which is placed on the belt 3 by means of a sieve orsifter arrangement 16 placed at the bottom of a receptacle 17 andactuated by an eccentric 18, which is operated from any suitable source.The comminuted material 19 is uniformly distributed over the surface ofthe belt 3 to any desired depth. The depth of the material 19 on thebelt 3 is regulated by the speed of the belt 3 and the speed of theeccentric 18 and the size of openings in the sieve 16. As the belt movesin the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1, a layer or blanket ofcomminuted material 19 is placed thereon and the cloth 13 is then placedon top of the comminuted material as the cloth passes over roller 15.The two then pass together between rollers 4 and 7. These rollers areadjusted so as to cause considerable pressure between them and theprinting material which is held in the engravings 20, in the surface ofthe roller 4, is forced through the cloth 13 into the comminutedmaterial 19, whereupon the printing material is absorbed by the material19, thus cementing the par ticles of material 19 to formthe raiseddesign 21 on the side of the cloth opposite the engraved rollers. In theembodiment shown in Fig. 1 the three rollers 4, 5 and 6 are preferablysupplied with printing material of different .colors so'that when thecloth emerges from the machine a design will be For instance, referringto the design shown in Fig. 4, the

petals 22 may be red, the center 23 and stem 24 may be yellow, and theleaves 25 may be green. Obviously any other desired color combinationmay be employed. In the event that only one color is desired, two of therollers 4, 5 and 6may be omitted and in this instance I would prefer toomit the rollers 4 and 5. I

After the cloth has passed between the rollers 4 and 7, it passesbetween rollers 5 and 8 where a similar action takes place and the desin of the desired color is placed on the clot in a manner similar to thatexplained with relation to rollers 4 and 7. Likewise as it passesbetween rollers 2 and 6 a design from roller 6 is a plied to the clothin the same manner, so t at when the cloth leaves the machine a completedesign is placed thereon and the excess comminuted material 19 dropsinto a receptacle 26 and may be returned to the receptacle 17 again tobe sprinkled upon the belt 3.

The comminuted material is of any desired color, usually white, and thatpart of it which is picked up or absorbed or cemented by the differentprinting materials or colors, takes the color of the printing material,because usually the particles of the comminuted material are themselvesporous, and therefore absorb the colors which are applied to the rollers4, 5 and 6. i

In the foregoing description and the appended claims, in referring tothe absorption of material I do not desire to be limited to porousmaterial, but intend that this term shall be broad enough to cover anyma terial the particles of which shall be held together by the printingmaterial which comes from the engraved rollers. For instance, smallbeads or metal particles when sprinkled on the belt 3 form a layerof'material which will absorb the printing material although theindividual particles of such-material do not absorb any of the printingma terial.

In Fig. 2, I have shown in an exaggerated form what I conceive theaction to be in the formation of the raised design on the cloth. Ihisaction is probably as follows: As the belt 3 with the material 19 andcloth 13 thereon, passes between a' pair of rollers, as for example,rollers 2 and 6, due to the softness or resiliency of the materialbetween the rollers 2 and 6, the cloth is apparently forced up into theengravings 20 in the rollers 6, as shown at 27 This of course forces thematerial which is in the engravings 20 through the cloth 13 into thematerial 1.9, whereupon the printing material combines with thematerial. 19 or cements the particles of the material 19 together toform the raised design 21. The printing material acts to hold the designonto the cloth by reason of the fact that the interstices of the clothwhich come into contactwith the engraved portion of the roller, arecompletely filled with the printing material which acts .to cement thedesign onto the cloth and retain it there.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that any desired height of designmay be se cured by properly designing the depth of the engravings on theroller and by prop erly selecting thedesircd thickness of the layerof'comminuted material into which the material is forced. This designmay be placed on the cloth without any of the objections heretoforeencountered, and particularly that of smearing the printing material onthe cloth. The method therefore results in a clean-cut designof anydesired height. If greater resilience or softness between the III) .tion of the paper 35 passes only once cooperating rollers is desiredthan that afforded by the cloth, blanket and comminuted material, thesurface of the backing roller may be covered by soft rubber or otherresilient material,

In Fig. 3, I have shown a somewhat modified form of machine for carryingout my invention. This machine comprises rollers 1 and 2 over which runsa belt 3 similar to that heretofore explained. A receptacle 17 containsmaterial 19*, which is sprinkled upon the belt 3 by an eccentricmechanism 18, all in the manner heretofore explained. The cloth 13passes over the roller 14* and from there it is led between rollers 28and 29. The roller 28 is engraved with the desired design. A brush orroller 30, not affected by acid, dips into .a receptacle 31 containingacid 32, preferably concentrated sulphuric acid. A scraper 33 engagesthe surface of the roller 28 and removes from the plain porsurfacethereof all of the acid which is applied thereto by the brush or roller30. A small amount of acid remains in the engravings 34 and when theseengra vings pass in contact with the cloth the roller. 29' forces thecloth into the engravings anc causes a deposit of acid on the fibres ofthe cloth and only on the parts of the cloth corresponding to the designof the roller. backing paper or cloth 35 is placed between the roller 29and the cloth to catch any excess acid. This paper therefore acts-tokeep the surface of the roller through the rollers 28 and 29 and is notordinarily re-used. The cloth 13 is led down over the guide 15 intocontact with the material 19 on the belt 3.

- It then proceeds between the rollers 2*and' all cloth. This designmaterial is passeds through the cloth at the designs placed It will'beunder- 6, whereupon printing from the engravings 20 the part-ssurrounding thereon by the roller 28.

' stood that the rollers 6* and 28 are mechanically synchronized so thatthis action is guaranteed. Ordinarily the arrangement will be such thatwhen the printing material is forced from the rollers 6 through thecloth, a raised design will be placed on the will not only act as anornament but will also prevent raveling of the cloth where the acid hasdestroyed the fibre. There may be occasions when it will be desired toomit the raised character of the design and merely apply a cementingmaterial the same color of the cloth, or other color, around the partswhich have been attacked by the acid. In this latter case it would notbe necessary to use as deep engravings on roller 6, nor would it benecessary to use thecomminuted material 19, but instead of a backing ofcloth, paper or any desired material may be used. When etching with thisacid paint, it should be undierco on 'order to. complete the l eling ofthe cloth.

A design the part 29 free of acid. The

used to form the body troughs, color spreading rollers, doctor scrapers,'etc., should be made of a material unaffected by the action of theacid, such as vulcanized rubber, glass, etc.

After the cloth has passed from the machine shown in Fig. 3,- the designportions are partially destroyed destruction of the fibres the cloth ispreferably placed in a heating chamber and heated to any suitabletemperature sufficient to dry out the acid and to char the parts of thecloth which have been attacked by the acid. The placing of the cloth ina heating chamber, however, is preferably not done until the cloth hasstood over night with the acid thereon,'although this time interval isnot essential. After the heat treatment above mentioned, the cloth isrun through any suitable brushing machine to remove therefrom thedestroyed and charred parts so that all those portions to which the acidwas applied will be entirely removed, thus producing openings in thecloth which, are surrounded either by the raised design or by somesuitable cementing material for the purpose of preventing rav- Anexample of a design 3 is shownin Fig. 5. In this 36 is an opening'andthe part 37 is the cementing material surrounding the opening not beraised, as desired.

From the foregoing description it will be evident to those skilled inthe art that my invention has many advantages, particularly because ofthe fact that any desired height or design may be produced; no smearingor running of the printing material occurs; the designs are eflicientlyattached to the cloth; the designs may be printed in multi colors;openwork designs may be produced and raveling of the cloth prevented;any desired character of comminuted material may be of the designs; onlythat part of the comminuted material which is actually cemented by theprinting mater al machine of Fig.

by the acid and in and the part 37 may or may made from the 'is ,used,whereas the excess material is returned for further use; the machineformaking the designs is simple and easily operated and the process iscontinuous. Other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in theart.

- I claim: D

1. The method of applying raised designsto cloth which consists inforcing an ad-' vmaterial adapted to combine With the adherent materialto form the design.

4. The method of applying designs to cloth which consists incontinuously forcin adherent material in design formjthroug the clothinto material adapted to receive the adherent material and with saidmate rial form the design.

5. The method which consists in filling the engraved designs of a rollerwith adherent material, pressing cloth against the roller through alayer of commi'nuted material adapted with the adherent material to formraised designs on the cloth. I

6. The method which consists in forcing a fluid adhesive in design formthrough cloth into absorbent material adapted when mixed with saidadhesive material to form' raised designs on the cloth.

7. The method of forming raised designs on cloth which consists inpassing an adherent material through the cloth from a design member intoan absorbent material to form the body of the design.

8. The method of forming raised designs on cloth which consists inpassing the cloth between two rollers, one of which has the designsthereon; forcing adherent material from the design roller through thecloth into flocculent material which adheres to the cloth to form thebody of the designs.

9. The method of forming raised designs on cloth which consists infilling the engraved designs of a roller withian adherentmaterial,forcing the material from the roller through the cloth into an absorbentmaterial adapted to combine with the adherent material to form thedesigns.

CHARLES A. HANINGTON.

